Introduction. Anterograde Amnesia Is The Inability To Form

Introduction Anterograde amnesia is the inability to form new memories, while keeping old memories intact. People who suffer from this impairment, are unable to encode new memories into long-term memory but are able to keep them in short term. The movie Fifty First Dates portrays this type of amnesia accurately and inaccurately. The main protagonists of Fifty First Dates are Lucy, played by Drew Barrymore, and Henry, played by Adam Sandler. Lucy suffers from anterograde amnesia due to brain damage. For the most part, the movie is accurate to the impairment and is almost exactly the same as the impairment patients suffer from. Plot of Fifty First Dates In the movie Fifty First Dates Lucy has permanent brain damage due to a car accident.†¦show more content†¦Procedural memory is usually memories associated with muscle memory where her body remembers it even if she does not. This is also true to the type of amnesia. She even dreams about Adam Sandler’s character even though she is not sure how she knows him. Somehow, her encounters with him are encoded even though she doesn’t remember them explicitly. A Real Life Example: FL and Similarities from the Movie What is most interesting is that the movie seems to be based off of a real incident. Smith et. al (2010) wrote about a special case of a patient named FL. She was in a car accident in 2005 and reported difficulty retaining information from one day to the next. She describes her memory as unaffected over the course of the day but when she falls asleep, the memory for each day disappears. FL also, is able to recall things from before her accident. Lucy, a fictional character created for a movie, shares many things in common with FL, thus showing that the film is accurate to the disorder. It also is interesting to know that FL like Lucy was somehow able to remember something’s. According to Smith et. al (2010), â€Å"For some tests, unbeknownst to FL, material learned on the previous day was intermixed with material learned on the same day as the test.† In other words, FL sometimes mixed in previously learned material that she did not recall learning due to her impairment with material that she learned that day. This idea of intermixing material was also accurateShow MoreRelatedThe Neurology of Memory Anterograde and Retrograde Amnesia1282 Words   |  6 PagesThe Neurology of Memory Anterograde and Retrograde Amnesia Introduction Memory is defined as â€Å"the mental capacity to encode, store, and retrieve information† (American Psychological Association, 2002). It is a part of the means by which humans function. The process of forming and recalling memories involves various complex neurological processes and disruptions to these processes can result in loss of memory or the inability to form new memories. Amnesia is a memory disorder, in which, due toRead MoreThe Effects Of Anterograde Amnesia And Its Diagnostic Criteria2724 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction Anterograde amnesia is a common and distinguished neurological disorder in the psychological and neurobiological field. Media depictions of this neuropsychological disorder are not as common as other forms of amnesia, but it is still incorrectly portrayed. Anterograde amnesia refers to the inability to retain new information, while still having intact memories that occurred before brain damage (Carlson, 2014). There have been several studies that focus on anterograde amnesia and itsRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of The Memory Loss1246 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction Amnesia is a mental illness that refers to memory loss. The cause for the memory loss can be due to several factors. The memory loss could be due to emotionally disturbing events; memory loss can also be cause of physical harm usually to the cephalic region. The disease also interrupts the normal everyday functioning of a person suffering amnesia. An individual may still be able to carry out certain activities despite the amnesia. Fortunately, there are diverse ways to treat amnesiaRead MoreHow Many Different Types of Memory System Are There? Illustrate Your Answer with Examples of the Kinds of Information Which Each System Stores1573 Words   |  7 Pagesthat STM and LTM are two different and separate stores (McLeod, 2008). Research on patients suffering from amnesia also support the multi-store model (Groome, 2006). One classic case is reported by Corkin (1968) about a patient HM who suffered from anterograde amnesia – He was unable to form new memories and lost part of his existing memories (Groome, 2006). However, despite his inability to create new memories, he was still able to have a conversation thus indicating that his STM processes wereRead MorePiaget2552 Words   |  11 Pagesexperience. 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How Does the Bottle Taste in Prison Essay - 769 Words

Every day twenty-seven people die as a result of drunk driving which equates to approximately 10,000 people a year. Driving under the influence is a crime when a person’s blood level of alcohol exceeds the legal limit of 0.08%. Standard penalties against first time offenders include: having their driver’s licenses revoked and paying a fine ranging from $500-$2,000. All drunk drivers should be imprisoned for eight or more months because they are likely to repeat the offense, they cause most automobile fatalities/injuries, and drivers can participate in rehabilitation programs while incarcerated. The first reason drunk drivers should be imprisoned because they are likely to repeat the behavior. Sadly, a DUI does not stop offenders from†¦show more content†¦According to this study, nearly all drivers were intoxicated and admitted. If all drivers were forced into a jail cell, there would be shrinkage in both fatalities and automobile accidents. In fact, â€Å"Almost half of all drivers who were killed in crashes tested positive for drugs and also had alcohol in their system† (Johnston, OMalley, Bachman, and Schulenberg 1). So why should any offender remain free? According to â€Å"Drunk Driving Accident Statistics†, â€Å"Three in every ten Americans will be involved in an alcohol-related crash at some point in their lives† (5). To guarantee the safety of innocent people on the road, all offenders must go to jail immediately. In addition, studies have proven that offenders are likely to participate in rehabilitation programs while incarcerated. More than half of all prisons include recovery programs that addicts can greatly benefit from. According to Longmont, â€Å"Transitions Programs focuses on rehabilitation, personal responsibility, decision making, and other life skills to help offenders reintegrate into society and curb criminal behavior† (5). 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The Relationship Between Social Media and Empathy Free Essays

string(138) " school diploma or equivalent, 75 had an associate degree, 98 had a bachelor’s degree, and 52had a graduate or professional degree\." Human interaction is rapidly shifting from peer interaction to virtual interaction and with it is are understand of empathy in others. This research will try to understand if the use of Facebook effects the level of empathy in adults. We hypothesis that the level of empathy will decrease as the hours spend in Facebook increase. We will write a custom essay sample on The Relationship Between Social Media and Empathy or any similar topic only for you Order Now A 20-minute online survey was distributed in popular social media sites such as Facebook among others. With results of 389 participants responding, this was considered a small sample size compare to subscribers in this site. It is expected to find that as hours increase empathy decrease in adults. Results show that hours spend using Facebook per day has no effect in empathy levels in adults. There is no Signiant difference in less than one hour a day and 1-2 hour usage of Facebook. Gender also yield no significant difference in empathy levels and the use of Facebook. results show no significant results and rejection of are hypothesis. Online generally does not appear to reduce peoples’ capacity for real-world empathy. More reach need to be done for online activities to appear to negatively affect real-world empathy, including video gaming and online activities that are not associated with increased time. Does Facebook Effect Empathy Levels in Adults? In recent years social media has become one if not the most popular way people interact with each other. Through social media people can socialize, communicate and virtually interact with each other within the comfort of their own home. Research have been shown, given several possible effects technology might affect empathy in users. According to Ogan, Suheyd. (2017) it has shown that empathy is negatively affected by technology use, particularly social media use, mostly because technology tends to decrease face-to-face interaction. The study also states that it’s not clear whether technology’s harmfully affects empathy or whether people who are low in empathy tend to use technology more,( Ogan, Suhevda. (2017). With this new way of communication comes numerous questions that arise. Is the current population who use online interaction be able to express empathy toward their peers during face to face interaction? In my research I will try to understand, if social media usage effects empathy levels in young adults. One question the research will try to answer is are the hours spend per day using Facebook effect the level of empathy in adults? Empathy is categorized as one’s skill to feel along with others, to share in their pleasure and adversities. In psychology, it has often been defined as a multidimensional construct, comprising both cognitive and behavioral states (Davis, M.H. (1983). As with many wanted prosocial characters, folks are not born with this inborn ability, but learn to become empathic through training approaches. Yet, if one is not exposed to the necessary nurturing to develop empathy into a habit, they may not be able to relate to others, which can impact their social appropriateness. Facebook has become one of the most popular source of online communication, creating problems for personal socialization between individuals. Facebook offers connection without the hassle of face to face emotion. They meet people, date, establish friendships a relationship without knowing the induvial on the other side of the screen. This has brought concerns of weather empathy is being lost in people who are often users of social media. In a study Facebook user were asked to delete friends from their accounts with an incentive of 24cents per each deleted friend, with in the first week 82,000 users removed 23,960 friends. Raising the question of empathy in relation to one another (e.g., Stritzke et al. and Ellison et al.) While others argue that Facebook helps with the complex physical and psychological contains. The limitations of this study are the users of Facebook were provided incentives to delete friends, should they have not provided incentives would they have had the result they had (Chan, T. H. (2014). The Internet usage paradox posits that, as a powerful communicative tool, extensive Internet usage may hinder users’ real-life communications. Facebook further underscores this paradox. Designed to facilitate social bonding, some Facebook users may reduce real-life bonding with others. There are two explanations for this suppression effect: displacement of social activities, and replacement of strong social ties. First, the time spent on using or updating Facebook may displace the time otherwise spent on real-life social activities. Second, people may substitute better quality ties with weaker ones ( (e.g., Stritzke et al. and Ellison et al). Facebook is designed with sophisticated social bonding aids that allow individuals to express their feelings and experiences freely to concentric circles of †friends.† These postings allow others to †access† the individual’s opinions, emotions, and activities, hence reducing the need to engage in real-life communication (Chan, Terri H). Together with the convenience of accessing Facebook, some people incline to replace genuine real-world interactions with less engaging digital ones, causing the suppression. Speci?cally, this study investigates how this suppression effect may affect individuals with a particular psychological makeup. As discussed, extroverts may expand their social circle through FB at a cost of real-life social interactions (Chan, Terri H). The replacement thus dampens their empathic social skills. They suggested that the shift in empathy levels could be driven by a more individualistic and self-centered attitude, as indicated by the label of â€Å"Generation Me† (Twenge, J.M). Support for this view comes from a survey that found only a small percentage of young adults listed helping others as their primary goal, while the majority indicated that becoming wealthy was the most important goal in their lives (Pew Research Center). Method Participants The participants were 386 adults recruited from a large metropolitan city in Northern California. There were 328 participants who identified as females, 55 participants who identified as males, and 2 participants identified as gender non-binary. The age range for the sample was18 to 86 years (M = 33.49, SD = 12.64). Regarding educational attainment, 4 had less than a high school degree, 155had a high school diploma or equivalent, 75 had an associate degree, 98 had a bachelor’s degree, and 52had a graduate or professional degree. You read "The Relationship Between Social Media and Empathy" in category "Papers" Materials and Measures Data were collected using online survey. The survey included questions about demographic, empathy, and social media. Quantitative surveys collected information by asking specific questions and then coding the data using SPSS in numerical form for appropriate statistical analyses. Independent t-test was used to run statistical analyses of data gathered from survey. Empathy Empathy was measured using Jolliffe and Farrington’s (2006) 20-item Basic Empathy Scale (BES). Participants rated each item on a 5-point Likert type scale (1 = strongly disagree, 2 = disagree, 3 = neither agree nor disagree, 4 = agree, and 5 = strongly agree). Nine items assessed cognitive empathy (e.g., â€Å"I can understand my friend’s happiness when s/he does well at something†) and 11 items assessed affective empathy (e.g., â€Å"after being with a friend who is sad about something, I usually feel sad†). After reverse-coding eight negatively worded items, participants’ ratings were summed across all 20 items. Participants’ scores could range from 20 (low in empathy) to 100 (high level of empathy). Reliability analyses indicated good reliability (Cronbach’s ? = .82). Facebook was measure using a time scale with a 4-point Likert type scale (1 = less than 1 hr., 2 = 1-2hrs, 3 = 3-4 hrs., 4= 4+hrs.) survey question consisted of on average, how many hours do you spend on Facebook each day? Participants’ scores could range from less than one hour (low in usage) to 4 or more hours (high usage). Reliability analyses indicated poor reliability. Procedure This anonymous survey was designed by undergraduate students in a research method course. Survey was posted in popular social media sites where participants randomly chose to take the survey. The survey was approximately 15-20 minutes. Risks associated with this study are not anticipated to be greater than those risks encountered in daily life. Participation in study are voluntary, participants have the right to stop or leave study at any time without penalty or loss of benefits to which they may be entitled to. Any information that is obtained is connection with this study will remain confidential. Social media sites were used as a platform to distribute the survey to participant to consent form was need as it was stated in survey that it was a volunteer free choice to participate in study survey. This method of survey is different from other administer due to its variety of social site questions that are asked providing a variety of data to choose from when analyzing. Results The mean score for empathy was 75.2824 (SD = 8.22922). The overall the mean score for how many hours adults spend on Facebook was 1.88 (SD =.848). Comparing to the hours spend using Facebook one hour or less (M=74.95, SD=8.75) while 1-2 hours (M=75.11, SD = 7.51) conditions; t(247)= -.162= p=.872. The result show that there is a weak correlation between the two variables. Comparing the relationship between empathy and hours spend on Facebook independent t-test was using to confirm that empathy levels are not affected by the hours using Facebook. Participants used Facebook for an average of two hours per day (range: less than 1hour to 2 hours, Table 1). Facebook use for the day of testing was significantly correlated empathy (t = -.163, p .872). For Facebook Usage, independent t-test confirmed that females spent more time per day on Facebook. For Facebook. Simple bar graph was using to understand if gender makes a difference in hours spend using Facebook. The bar graph shows that there is no significance in gender difference between the hours spend using Facebook and empathy levels (female, male, vinery, Table 2). Discussion This study is part of a larger study which investigates the use of different social media sites and the effect it may have on empathy levels in users. For this part of the study we analyze the hours spend per day using Facebook effect the level of empathy in adults. We hypothesis that empathy would decrease as hours increase using Facebook. An anonymous online survey was administered to more than 386 The survey measured real-world empathy using a well-established scale (the Basic Empathy Scale, BES), also with specific question about social media usage, are the hours spend per day using Facebook effect the level of empathy in adults? Results show that there is no significant difference in levels of empathy due to hours spend using Facebook. Although just being online does not seem to eliminate empathy, Konrath’s review of personality traits in the era of the Internet showed declines in some personality variables, including empathy. Research showed lower empathy scores for contemporary college students in comparison to college students over the last 30 years (Konrath, O’Brien, Hsing) Konrath raised the possibility that the declines in empathy could be related to people spending time online and engaging in superficial interactions with others. Small and Vorgan said that being online reduces an individual’s capacity for empathy. Primarily, this claim was based on the assumption that going online reduces the amount of time spent face-to-face with others. For sure, elements of non-verbal communication essential to reading emotions, such as facial expressions, body posture, eye contact, gestures, and touch, are missing from texts, instant messages, and social networking conversations. However, Caplan and Turner’s description of online comforting behavior argued that being online can support empathy or even increase it. The new findings in this research help shed some understanding of how social media is affecting or not effecting its users. Are findings show that there is no difference between less than 1hour to 1-2 hours of active use to effect empathy. Limitations that could have affected results are pool sample size, Sample size comparing to the number of users in Facebook data obtain is small providing little information that can be compare. This could be fixed by having the survey effective for a longer time one week is not enough to obtain effective data. self-report data was gathered using online surveys, date can be contaminated with bias answers, making the survey shorter could lower subjective answers. One to one interview with participants and hours spending using social media can reduce subjective hours and provide us with better data. Lastly, time consuming survey, this may have been the result of multiple question not answer, shorter length of survey will increase the chances of fully response survey. While this research provided a glimpse of how social media effect the level of empathy in adults. We need to educate consumers of the possible effect social media may have in their empathy. Research into online health support communities has found that empathy does exist among the participants (Carrier, Spradlin, Bunce, and Rosen). So, just being â€Å"behind a screen† does not eliminate empathy among technology users. Further, going online generally does not appear to reduce peoples’ capacity for real-world empathy. More reach need to be done for online activities to appear to negatively affect real-world empathy, including video gaming and online activities that are not associated with increased time. How to cite The Relationship Between Social Media and Empathy, Papers